A polio epidemic spread to and decimated the chimp population at the Gombe Stream National Park in the 1970s. During the rainy season, they may suffer from respiratory diseases, and at any time may be plagued by conditions also suffered by humans, such as gastrointestinal problems, skin ulcers, goiters, and osteoarthritis. They are generally knuckle walkers, but individuals occasionally walk bipedally, often during displays of aggression or intimidation.Ĭhimps live to 40-60 years of age. Their long hands and fingers and short thumbs, able to curl around branches, are useful in this mode of travel. They are brachiators, meaning they are able to travel by swinging across tree limbs and branches. Although it is smaller than the common chimp, the former name is thought to refer to the term used for Africans that share the bonobo range.Ĭhimpanzees have arms that are about 1.5 times their height. The bonobo ( Pan paniscus ), sometimes referred to as the pygmy chimpanzee, is now almost always recognized as its own species, though very closely related to the common chimpanzee. As they age, both sexes can develop graying and/or thinning hair. Juvenile chimps can usually be identified by paler faces and white tufts of hair on the rump, which they lose around the age of 5. Skin color ranges generally from pale brown to black skinned, and their bodies are covered with black hair. 212: 394-425.Chimpanzees stand erect at 1-1.7 meters tall, and weigh from 26-70 kilograms (males average 34-70 kgs, females average 26-50 kgs). Source: Robson SL, Wood B (2008) Hominin life history: reconstruction and evolution. % subadult period left after reaching adult brain size Years from adult brain size to maturity (years) The phylogenetic relationship of chimpanzees to other primatesĪverage weight of adult chimpanzee brain: 384 g (0.85 lb)Īverage weight of adult human brain: 1,352 g (2.98 lb)Ĭomparison of human and chimpanzee brain size growth (click on the images of the brains below to download) Habitat range in the wild: Equatorial Africa, from southern Senegal across the forested belt north of the Congo River to western Uganda and western Tanzaniaīody Weight: 40 to 60 kg (M), 32 to 47 kg (F)ĭownload STL files of chimpanzee and human brains to print 3D models Life span: 40 to 45 years (wild), more than 60 (captive) verusĬonservation Status: Endangered ( IUCN Red List) There are several other features of the chimpanzee brain that are more similar to humans than to other primates, including: 1) the ability to morphologically define both Broca’s and Wernicke’s area using similar landmarks to the human brain 2) the dense distribution of von Economo neurons in the anterior cingulate and frontoinsular cortex 3) a more complex level of connectivity and function within the arcuate fascicularis and mirror neuron systems. Furthermore, chimpanzees, like humans, also have a larger and more gyrified brain than other primates species. Chimpanzees have a prolonged developmental period between birth and adulthood during which socialization occurs and neural structure can be strongly influenced by the environment and learning. Human and chimpanzees, nonetheless, share many cognitive, communicative, and emotional processes in common, based on similarities in their neurobiological structure and function. Most of this difference reflects the evolutionary expansion of the neocortex in humans, particularly the association cortex, a group of regions that supports such sophisticated cognitive functions as language, self-awareness, and problem solving. Chimpanzees have brains that are one-third the size of human brains.
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